Documentos CEDE
Accede a las publicaciones que reúnen trabajos de profesores/as e investigadores/as de la Facultad de Economía, basados en información del Centro de Datos CEDE. Presentan análisis económicos y resultados preliminares que aportan evidencia y abren discusiones académicas sobre temas relevantes para el país.
Documento CEDE 2024-03
JEL: D86, H51, I11
This survey deals with the economic academic literature on diagnostic tests, with a focus first on the determinants of the use of these tests by healthcare providers, and then on the incentives to develop new diagnostic tests. It is structured in four parts. The first part provides general results in this literature regarding how healthcare providers (mostly, physicians) react to the (explicit or implicit) incentives embedded in existing health institutions, and especially to payment schemes and reimbursement rules. The second part deals more specifically with the incentives to use diagnostic tests including, among them, biomarker tests. Both sections follow a positive approach, describing individual reactions to various incentives. The third section rather takes a normative approach and tries to ascertain which incentives should be given to providers to better use existing diagnostic tests. Finally, the fourth section studies the development of new diagnostic tests, both from the viewpoint of the health authorities (when should they be developed?) and of the industry (how to incentivize them to develop the right kind of test?).
03-02-2024
Documento CEDE 2024-02
JEL: N16, O47, O54
The recent emphasis on income distribution has obscured the crucial target of maintaining sustainable GPD-growth rate at a minimum of 4% per-year in Latin American countries; a crucial condition for providing ample well-being for their population. In Colombia, there have been official proposals leading to deceleration as a way to contribute to energy-source transition. In tandem, obstacles to publicprivate partnerships in crucial sectors (health, energy and infrastructure) might lead to disinvestment and undesirable economic retrenching. This document provides a historical analysis of GPD-per capita real growth rates comparing Asia and Latin America over 1965-2022. In understating the Asian overperformance, the key driver has been the deep world-wide commercial integration. We illustrate the cases of Japan (1950-1965); then South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong-Kong; following Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand (1965-1980); and, finally, China and Vietnam (1979-2022). While Asia shows indexes of commercial integration above 80%, in Latin America they average half that (with notable exceptions of Mexico and Chile). Due to these differences, real income per-capita has doubled every 15 years in best performers in Asia, while in Latina America is taking 40 years to that effect and productivity is about a third of developed economies. We explain how FTAs allowed for duplication of Export Value/GDP towards USA in the cases of Mexico and Chile, while in Colombia such value was cut in half from 6% down to 3% of GDP in the last decade, due to high dependency on commodities, lack of adequate infrastructure, and poor procedures in sanitation and customs. Forward looking, we examine alternative avenues for export diversification related to agro-industrial products, which should be able to replicate the success observed in Chile and Peru (reaching 6% of GDP Vs. 2% observed in Colombia).
02-01-2024
Documento CEDE 2024-01
JEL: Z2, I18, J21, J4, H12, O54
There is a growing body of literature on the impact that COVID-19 has on workers' performance upon recovery. This paper explores that question using granular data from professional athletes. Using a difference-in-difference estimation strategy and estimating an n-dimensional performance index, we find that performance drops upon recovery during the first thirty days aer infection by 13,4%. Exploiting the mountainous geography of Colombia, our results indicate that the main driver of such a drop is performing at high altitudes.
01-01-2024
Documento CEDE 2023-40
JEL: E52, E58, O11, O40, O41, O42, O47
¿Qué pasaría si el banco central comete un error durante una crisis? Este artículo argumenta que esto dejaría cicatrices en la tendencia de largo plazo del producto. Si la política monetaria no es lo suficientemente expansiva durante una crisis, una subida ineficiente de las tasas de interés intensifica los costos de largo plazo de las recesiones. El efecto de hysteresis proviene de un incremento en los costos de la innovación que genera una caída del crecimiento de la productividad, salida no discriminada de firmas y un aumento del desempleo. Este trabajo presenta un modelo teórico que racionaliza estos mecanismos. La teoría sugiere que, en el largo plazo, aunque el crecimiento se recupere por completo y la economía converja a supervivencia completa de las firmas y pleno empleo, el nivel del producto de largo plazo será persistentemente menor al nivel que se hubiera alcanzado en ausencia de errores.
10-12-2023
Documento CEDE 2023-39
JEL: J16, P28, Q54
El cambio climático tendrá importantes repercusiones a largo plazo sobre las personas, los ecosistemas y la economía mundial. Para evitar impactos catastróficos, el mundo debe movilizar financiación a gran escala para lograr transiciones rápidas y sustanciales con bajas emisiones de carbono en todos los sectores y regiones. Es crucial mejorar los enfoques de financiación sostenible y reforzar la alineación de los mercados con esta transición. Está demostrado que la financiación de la lucha contra el cambio climático no llega a quienes más la necesitan. A pesar de los importantes riesgos climáticos a los que se enfrentan las mujeres y las niñas, sólo el 2,3% de la financiación climática pretende apoyar principalmente la igualdad de género. Las transiciones con bajas emisiones de carbono deben diseñarse teniendo debidamente en cuenta las desigualdades de género contextuales.
09-12-2023
Documento CEDE 2023-38
JEL: R000, K140, K400
This article examines the impact of the complex environment in Medellín, a city with 2.5 million inhabitants, on local small and medium-sized enterprises (PYMEs), where formal and informal economic activities coexist alongside legal and illegal actors. Despite outnumbering large enterprises, PYMEs operate on a smaller scale and exhibit more informal organizational characteristics, being less prominent in the public sphere. The need for collective responses to violence is crucial for these businesses, but organizing joint actions can be challenging. Drawing on an analysis of oficial documents, academic literature, field visits, and 39 interviews, we develop a three-part typology of PYME responses to violent actors: acquiescence, evasion, and mitigation. The study suggests that the majority of Medellín's PYMEs have adapted to the complexities of legality, illegality, formality, and violence, employing strategies such as acquiescence, evasion, and mitigation in response to violent actors. It is emphasized that while cooperation with illegal actors may ensure short-term viability, it poses long-term challenges for community empowerment, institutional strengthening, and inclusive economic development. Ultimately, the article suggests that some PYME strategies are more effective than others for survival and growth in violent environments.
08-12-2023
