We analyze the incentives of authoritarian regimes to segment access to censored content through technology. Citizens choose whether to pay to access censored online content at a cost fixed by the regime: the firewall. A low firewall segments access and generates more compliance than full censorship - a high firewall - ever could. Regime opponents self-select into consuming censored content, and comply conditional on positive independent reporting. Regime supporters exclusively consume state propaganda, which secures their compliance.

La charla abordará el papel fundamental de los biocombustibles como fuente de energía renovable para la movilidad sostenible, enfocándose en su potencial para reducir las emisiones en el sector del transporte. Además, se presentará un panorama global y nacional sobre el uso de biocombustibles, con un énfasis particular en Colombia. Se analizará la importancia de la descarbonización en el transporte y cómo los biocombustibles son clave para cumplir con las metas de sostenibilidad de sectores de difícil abatimiento.

Global efforts to mitigate climate change include Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). However, evidence on its effectiveness remains mixed, with many studies finding limited impacts on deforestation and overlooking potential effects on other economies. This study evaluates the effectiveness of collective REDD+ agreements signed by Afro-Colombian communities in curbing both deforestation and coca cultivation.

We show that commodity export booms can propagate up the value chain, reshape production networks, and promote growth in the service sector. We study Uruguay’s beef ex- port boom to China in the 2010s, combining customs, firm-to-firm transactions, employer- employee, and balance sheet data. Firms more linked to exporters experienced higher sales, especially in services, with associated gains in employment, wages, and sales per worker. Aggregate sales rose by 1.79%, with each export dollar generating 46 more cents in domestic sales, 10 cents in services.

The minimum payment warning, a notice that informs credit cardholders of the downside of making the minimum payment, has been described as a perverse nudge because it negatively affects those who would pay more than the minimum, presumably due to the anchoring bias. This issue is tackled in a massive field experiment by introducing a novel "statement balance warning." The experiment used email payment reminders that randomly added minimum payment or statement balance warnings.

An analysis of corporate income tax reveals a largely overlooked fact: statutory tax rates are higher in developing economies. In addition, statutory tax rates are procyclical in low-income economies, rising during downturns and potentially amplifying recessions. This paper develops a theoretical framework that reconciles these two phenomena.