Documentos CEDE
Accede a las publicaciones que reúnen trabajos de profesores/as e investigadores/as de la Facultad de Economía, basados en información del Centro de Datos CEDE. Presentan análisis económicos y resultados preliminares que aportan evidencia y abren discusiones académicas sobre temas relevantes para el país.
Documento CEDE 2024-44
JEL: D83, J16, Q51, Q53, Q54, Q56
La degradación ambiental representa uno de los mayores desafíos para las políticas públicas, con el Sur Global especialmente vulnerable a sus efectos. En países en desarrollo, las mujeres y las niñas suelen llevar una carga desproporcionada del cambio climático y la contaminación del aire en comparación con los hombres y los niños. La literatura internacional indica que las mujeres tienden a estar más preocupadas por el medio ambiente y a adoptar prácticas sostenibles; sin embargo, estos aspectos han sido poco explorados en el Sur Global. Este estudio examina las diferencias de género en conocimiento, actitudes y prácticas ambientales entre estudiantes de secundaria en Colombia. Los mecanismos detrás de estas diferencias aún no han sido investigados a fondo en América Latina. Nuestros resultados confirman que las niñas están significativamente más preocupadas por el medio ambiente y sienten una mayor responsabilidad frente al cambio climático (8—10 p.p.). Además, encontramos que las niñas muestran mayor concientización y familiaridad hacia la contaminación del aire en interiores (8,5—9 p.p.), en línea con investigaciones previas que se enfocaban en la exposición de las niñas a este tipo de contaminación. Estos hallazgos ofrecen insumos clave para el diseño de políticas educativas incluyentes con el potencial de empoderar a los estudiantes de países en desarrollo frente al cambio climático.
03-12-2024
Documento CEDE 2024-46
JEL: D82, D86, I18
We study a situation where physicians differing in their degree of altruism exert a diagnostic effort before deciding whether to test patients to determine the most appropriate treatment. The diagnostic effort generates an imperfect private signal of the patient’s type, while the test is perfect. At the laissez-faire, physicians exert insufficient diagnostic effort and rely excessively on testing. We show that the first-best allocation (where the degree of altruism is observable) can be decentralized by a payment scheme composed of i) a payfor- performance (P4P) part based on the number of correctly treated patients to ensure the provision of the optimal diagnostic effort, and of ii) a capitation part to ensure both the optimal testing decision and the participation of physicians. When physicians differ in their (non-observable) degree of altruism, the optimal contract is pooling rather than separating, an instance of non-responsiveness. Its uniform P4P component induces more altruistic physicians to exert a larger diagnostic effort while, to incentivize the second-best optimal testing decision, its capitation component must be contingent on the test cost.
26-11-2024
Documento CEDE 2024-45
JEL: D73, K40, N46, O12, P14
This paper examines the persistent effects of Crown versus settler colonialism. Exploiting a spatial regression discontinuity design in Mexico, I document that regions where the relative power of the colonial state over settler elites was higher exhibit higher historical and contemporary economic prosperity. In contrast to the view that Crown judges disproportionately weakened property rights, court records analyzed with natural language processing algorithms suggest they constrained settlers from expropriating indigenous lands. In the long-run, a feedback loop appears to have consolidated an emerging rural middle class, whose relative enfranchisement tied it less to patronage politics, encouraging public good provision and labor mobility out of agriculture.
25-11-2024
Documento CEDE 2024-43
JEL: J62, N36, O15, Q15
This study examines the intergenerational effects of providing land to the rural poor. I use ID numbers to track applicants to the 1968 Colombian agrarian reform and their children in various administrative data. Exploiting discontinuities in the allocation of parcels, I find that the children of recipients exhibit higher intergenerational mobility. In contrast to the view that land would tie them to the countryside, today these children participate more in the modern economy. They have better living standards and are more likely to work in formal and high-skilled sectors. These findings appear driven by a relief of credit constraints that allowed recipient families to migrate to urban centers and invest in the education of their children.
13-11-2024
Documento CEDE 2024-42
JEL: E32, Q43, O13
In recent years, Honduras has achieved the highest trade openness in Latin America. As a net importer of oil derivatives, the country’s economy is highly vulnerable to external shocks in oil prices. Due to significant differences in the use of oil derivatives across economic activities, some productive sectors are more affected by these shocks. This study analyzes how variations in oil prices influence the country’s productive structure, employing a Real Business Cycle (RBC) model adapted to a small open economy. The findings reveal that a one-standard-deviation increase in oil prices reduces overall economic output by 9.7%. Sectoral heterogeneity is notable: while the tradable and non-tradable
non-intensive sectors show reductions in output of -9.7% and -4.5%, respectively, the intensive non-tradable sector, with high dependence on oil, experiences a significant production decline of 59.3%.
22-10-2024
Documento CEDE 2024-41
JEL: E62, H71, H72, G38
This document examines the effect of expenditure limits on municipalities’ behavior regarding public debt, specifically limits based on a proportion of their own current income without a specific destination (ICPSDE, by its acronym in Spanish). These limits were established by Law 617 of 2000 in response to the significant default risk caused by high levels of subnational debt in the 1990s, which were driven by increased interest rates on internal debt that constituted the largest proportion of subnational debt.
This policy allows for the categorization of municipalities as a quasi-random experimental process. Thus, through a discontinuous regression analysis, the relationship between this policy and credit disbursements in municipalities from 1993 to 2019 was examined. The results indicate that Law 617 does not create differentiation in the borrowing behavior of municipalities and districts with ICPSDE close to the thresholds of the various categories, using different specifications and outcome variables.
21-09-2024
